Recurrent and Residual Esotropia
The under-correction of esotropia following strabismus surgery is a fairly common clinical entity that frustrates surgeons, orthoptists, and patients. Appropriate treatment for this surgical complication depends on the size of the residual deviation, including considerations for both near and distance measurements. Recurrent esotropia can be classified as: 1) microtopia or monofixation syndrome; 2) a moderate angle esotropia, with or without a distance to near disparity; and 3) a large angle esotropia. These under-corrections are discussed in detail, along with techniques that can help prevent the residual deviation from causing further problems.